Knee Pain Treatment
Dr Chiam Tut Fu
MBBS (Singapore)
MSS (Sports Medicine) (USA)
MMed (OM) (Singapore)
GDOM (Singapore)
DWD (Singapore)
What is Knee Pain?
Knee pain is a frequent concern that impacts people of all ages. The knee joint is one of the largest and most complex joints, essential for everyday activities like walking, running, and climbing stairs. It comprises bones, cartilage, ligaments, and tendons that work together to ensure smooth movement and stability. When any of these components are injured or strained, this can result in knee pain.
Symptoms of Knee Pain
Knee pain symptoms may range from minor to severe and can interfere with daily activities. Here are some common symptoms:
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Pain and Discomfort
Pain is the most common symptom of knee problems and can vary widely in intensity. It can be localised to a specific knee area or more generalised. The pain may be sharp and stabbing, or a dull ache. Mild pain might be noticeable during activities such as walking or bending the knee, while severe pain can persist even at rest, interfering with sleep.
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Swelling
Swelling around the knee often indicates inflammation or fluid buildup within the joint. This swelling can cause the knee to appear puffy or enlarged. Mild swelling may cause slight discomfort, whereas severe swelling can restrict movement and cause considerable pain.
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Stiffness
Stiffness can result from inflammation, injury, or degenerative conditions like arthritis. Mild stiffness may make it difficult to bend or straighten the knee, while severe stiffness can lead to mobility issues and pain when standing or sitting. The knee may 'lock' and be unable to straighten fully due to mechanical issues such as a torn meniscus.
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Weak Knees
A sensation of weakness or instability in the knee can make it feel like it might give way, particularly when bearing weight. This symptom can range from mild, occasional instability to severe weakness that impacts daily activities like walking or climbing stairs.
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Popping or Grinding Noises
Hearing or feeling popping or grinding noises while moving the knee can indicate damaged cartilage or joint injury. Mild cases might experience occasional sounds with minor discomfort, while severe cases may have frequent noises accompanied by severe pain and limited movement.
Causes of Knee Pain
Knee pain can result from various causes, including injuries, structural problems, types of arthritis, and other medical conditions. These include:
Injuries
Injuries are a common cause of knee pain and can occur due to sports, accidents, or overuse. Common knee injuries include:
- Ligament Injuries: Injuries such as an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear are common in athletes and can cause significant pain and instability.
- Meniscus Tears: The meniscus is a piece of cartilage that acts as a cushion between the shinbone and thighbone. A torn meniscus can result from a sudden knee twist, leading to pain, swelling, and stiffness.
- Fractures: A fracture or break in the knee bones, often caused by trauma or falls, can result in severe pain and limit the knee’s ability to move.
- Tendinitis: Tendinitis is inflammation of the tendons, often caused by overuse. It is common among runners, cyclists, and those with repetitive knee movements.
Knee Structural Issues
Structural issues within the knee can also lead to pain:
- Loose Bodies: Sometimes, injury or degeneration can cause pieces of bone or cartilage to break off and float within the joint space, leading to pain and movement difficulties.
- Dislocated Kneecap: A dislocated kneecap occurs when the patella (kneecap) slips out of its normal position, leading to pain and swelling.
- Iliotibial Band Syndrome: This condition occurs when the iliotibial band, a tough band of tissue running from the hip to the knee, becomes tight and rubs against the outer portion of the knee, causing pain.
- Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: Also known as “runner’s knee,” this condition is caused by the misalignment of the kneecap, resulting in pain, especially when sitting for long periods or climbing stairs.
Types of Arthritis
Arthritis is a leading cause of knee pain, with several types affecting the knee joint:
- Osteoarthritis: Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis, resulting from wear and tear of the cartilage over time, leading to pain and stiffness.
- Rheumatoid Arthritis: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that causes inflammation in the joints, including the knees, resulting in pain and swelling.
Certain Medical Conditions
Other medical conditions can also cause knee pain:
- Infections: Infections in the knee joint can cause redness, swelling, and severe pain, requiring prompt medical treatment.
- Bursitis: Bursitis is the inflammation of the bursae, the small fluid-filled sacs that cushion the outside of the knee joint, often caused by repetitive motion or prolonged kneeling.
Risk Factors of Knee Pain
Certain factors can increase the likelihood of developing knee pain. Here are some risk factors:
- Age: As people age, the risk of knee pain increases due to the wear and tear of the joints. Conditions such as osteoarthritis are more common in older adults.
- Obesity: Excess body weight puts additional stress on the knee joints, even during everyday activities such as walking or going up and down stairs. This extra weight can accelerate the wear and tear of the knee joints, leading to pain and inflammation.
- High-impact Activities: High-impact activities and sports that involve jumping, sudden stops, and changes in direction can increase the risk of knee injuries. Conversely, a sedentary lifestyle can weaken the muscles that support the knee, making it more susceptible to injury.
- Previous Injuries: People with previous knee injuries, such as torn ligaments, are more likely to have knee pain in the future. Previous damage can weaken the knee joint and make it more prone to further injury.
- Occupational Factors: Jobs requiring repetitive knee movements, heavy lifting, or prolonged kneeling can increase the risk of knee pain, leading to overuse injuries and strain on the knee joints.
- Genetics: Some people may inherit a predisposition to certain conditions that affect the knee, such as osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis. Family history can play a role in the likelihood of developing these conditions.
Types of Knee Pain
Knee pain can be categorised into different types based on the underlying cause and the affected area. This includes:
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Acute Knee Pain
Acute knee pain occurs suddenly, often due to an injury or trauma. It is usually painful and demands immediate medical attention. Common causes include ligament tears, fractures, and meniscus injuries. Symptoms include sharp pain, swelling, and knee immobility.
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Chronic Knee Pain
Chronic knee pain develops slowly and persists over time, generally caused by arthritis or tendinitis. The intensity and exercise level might vary with chronic knee pain. Symptoms include persistent pain, stiffness, and occasional swelling.
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Medial Knee Pain
Medial knee pain is felt on the inner knee. Common causes include medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries, meniscus tears, and arthritis. Symptoms include soreness, swelling, and tenderness on the inner side of the knee.
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Lateral Knee Pain
Lateral knee pain affects the outer knee. It can be caused by conditions such as iliotibial band syndrome, lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injuries, and meniscus tears. Symptoms include pain on the outer side of the knee, especially while running or cycling.
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Anterior Knee Pain
Anterior knee pain is felt in the front of the knee and is often associated with patellofemoral pain syndrome (runner's knee) or conditions affecting the kneecap (patella). Symptoms include pain during activities that involve bending the knee, such as climbing stairs or squatting.
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Posterior Knee Pain
Posterior knee pain is experienced at the back of the knee. It can be caused by conditions such as Baker's cyst, hamstring injuries, or posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries. Symptoms include swelling, stiffness, and pain at the back of the knee.
Diagnosis of Knee Pain
Medical History
The doctor will ask about the patient’s medical history, including any previous knee injuries, surgeries, or underlying medical conditions. They will also inquire about the nature of the pain, when it started, and any activities that worsen or alleviate it.
Physical Examination
During the physical examination, the doctor will assess the knee for signs of swelling, redness, and warmth. They will also check the range of motion and stability of the knee joint.
Imaging Tests
Imaging tests are important in diagnosing the exact cause of knee pain. Common imaging tests include:
- X-rays: X-rays provide detailed images of the bones and can help identify fractures, dislocations, and signs of osteoarthritis.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): MRI scans use magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the soft tissues in the knee, including ligaments, tendons, cartilage, and muscles. This test is particularly useful for detecting ligament injuries, meniscus tears, and other soft tissue problems.
- CT Scan (Computed Tomography): A CT scan combines X-ray images taken from different angles to create cross-sectional knee views. It can help detect bone problems and subtle fractures that might not be visible on standard X-rays.
- Ultrasound: Ultrasound uses sound waves to produce images of the soft tissues in the knee. It is useful for detecting fluid buildup, cysts, and soft tissue injuries.
Laboratory Tests
Laboratory tests may be ordered to identify underlying conditions causing knee pain. These tests may include:
- Blood Tests: Blood tests can help diagnose conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, gout, and infections. Specific markers in the blood can indicate inflammation or autoimmune responses.
- Joint Aspiration: Joint aspiration involves using a needle to withdraw fluid from the knee joint. The fluid is then analysed for signs of infection, gout, or other inflammatory conditions.
Minimally Invasive Treatments We Use To Treat
Knee Pain
An injection that alleviates pain and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal conditions such as arthritis, bursitis, tendinitis and joint pain.
Targeted pain relief in the administered area and reduced inflammation.
Little to no recovery time. Patients may resume their normal activities promptly.
Works well in chronically injured tissues which may have very slow recovery
Anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects
Little or no downtime and patients can walk out after the 30 min procedure
Restores the physiologic viscoelasticity in the synovial fluid (SF) in the absence of inflammation
Nonoperative and FDA-approved treatment for arthritis of the knee in Singapore
Results usually last for 2 - 3 months. In some cases, the relief can last for 6 - 12 months
Treats flare-ups of OA pain and swelling with fluid buildup in the knee
Reduces inflammation in the joint
Can quickly relieve these symptoms, usually within 1-3 days
Uses low-level light to stimulate healing. Does not cause your tissues to heat up. LLLT is used to treat various musculoskeletal conditions, reduce inflammation, and promote wound healing.
Painless, Quick, Effective, and No downtime. Patients can return to their normal activities immediately after an LLLT session.
Dr Chiam Tut Fu
(詹达夫医生)
MBBS (Singapore)
MSS (Sports Medicine) (USA)
MMed (OM) (Singapore)
GDOM (Singapore)
DWD (Singapore)
Dr Chiam is a MOH accredited Specialist in Sports Medicine and has practised medicine for over 30 years.
Dr Chiam Tut Fu obtained his MBBS from National University of Singapore in 1990. He went on to obtain his Masters in Sports Science (Sports Medicine) from the United States Sports Academy, graduating as the year’s outstanding student, and Masters of Medicine (Occupational Medicine) from the National University of Singapore.
Key Interests:
- Non-surgical treatment of sports injuries
- Non-surgical treatment of degenerative conditions
- Nutraceuticals for healthy ageing and exercise performance
Need Advice On Your Condition?
Do you have an enquiry about your sports injury or body joint condition? Please leave us a message and we will be in touch with you shortly.
Mon to Fri: 9:00am – 1:00pm
2:00pm – 6:00pm
Sat: 9:00am – 1:00pm
Sun & PH: Closed
Singapore Paincare Center
Paragon Medical Centre, #18-03
290 Orchard Road, Singapore 238859
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Can knee pain be a sign of a serious condition?
Yes, knee pain can sometimes indicate a more serious underlying condition, such as a fracture, infection, or severe arthritis. It is important to seek medical advice if the pain is intense, persistent, or accompanied by other symptoms like fever or swelling.
What lifestyle changes can help manage knee pain?
Lifestyle changes that can help manage knee pain include maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active with low-impact exercises, avoiding high-impact activities, using proper techniques during physical activities, and ensuring good nutrition to support joint health.
How long does it take to recover from knee pain?
Recovery time for knee pain varies depending on the cause and severity of the pain. Mild cases may improve within a few weeks with proper rest and treatment, while more severe conditions may require several months of rehabilitation and possibly surgery.
What should I avoid doing if I have knee pain?
If you have knee pain, avoid activities that strain the knees excessively, such as running on hard surfaces, jumping, or lifting heavy weights. Instead, choose low-impact activities and follow the doctor’s recommendations.
When should I see a doctor for knee pain?
You should see a doctor if you experience severe knee pain, swelling, redness, warmth, inability to move the knee, or if the pain persists despite self-care measures. Early medical intervention can help prevent further complications and improve outcomes.